Novo estudo surpreendente: Brasil é líder global na igualdade de gênero na ciência
Postado por Brenda Fernanda
A proporção de mulheres que publicam artigos científicos cresceu 11% no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos, de modo que atualmente as mulheres brasileiras publicam quase metade dos artigos acadêmicos científicos do país. Entre todos os países estudados, Brasil e Portugal obtiveram o maior percentual de autoras femininas de artigos acadêmicos científicos, com 49% destes em ambos os países escritos por mulheres.
Fonte: https://www.forbes.com/sites/shannonsims/2017/03/08/surprising-new-study-brazil-now-a-global-leader-in-gender-equality-in-science/#5b4a44756f44
Surprising news today: Brazilian women are leading the world when it comes to a key measurement on science, surpassing the ranking of the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union.
The massive study on Gender in the Global Research Landscape, published today by Elsevier, identifies 12 "comparator" countries, including among them the United States, the European Union (counted as one), the United Kingdom, Portugal, Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. Using measurements on everything from the number of times a scientific article is cited to the proportion of women among inventors, the study shines a bright light on gender disparity – and progress – in academia and the sciences in general.
In the study, Brazil stands out for its progress in closing the gender gap over the past two decades. The proportion of women who publish scientific articles – which is considered the principal form of career evaluation for academics – rose 11% in Brazil over the past 20 years. Today, Brazilian women publish nearly half of the country's scientific scholarly articles, approaching gender parity in one of the fields that has historically left women behind.
Among all the countries studied, Brazil and Portugal ranked highest in the percentage of female authors of scientific scholarly articles, with 49% of scientific scholarly articles in the two countries now written by women.
The finding on Brazil is even more robust considered in light of the fact that in Portugal women authored 27,561 scientific articles between 2011 and 2015; in Brazil, over the same period, women authored nearly five times that number (153,967 articles).
Meanwhile, in the United States and the United Kingdom, only 40% of scientific scholarly articles were authored by women between 2011 and 2015, compared to 49% in Brazil. In the European Union, 41% of scientific scholarly articles were published by women. Ranking lowest in the study is Japan, where only 20% of scholarly scientific articles were written by women.
Most encouraging of all, Brazil's strong showing in this report signals a significant improvement in Brazilian women's participation in the sciences. During the period of 1996 to 2000, only 38% of the scholarly scientific articles published by Brazilians were authored by women. That is, just since 2000, Brazilian women have reached near-parity with men when it comes to scientific authorship.
Brazil also fares well in other indicators featured in the study. The proportion of female inventors in Brazil rose from 11% to 17% between 1996 and 2015. Today, the proportion of female inventors in Brazil is higher than in the United States (14%), United Kingdom (12%) or the European Union (12%).
The results are sobering news for those monitoring women's progress in the sciences in the US, UK, and EU, not to mention Japan. But the study's results are positive, if surprising, news for anyone who cares about women in Brazil.
Typically, news about women in Brazil tends to be of a negative nature. In recent years, socially conservative movements in Brazil, including those linked to the powerful evangelical church, have made progress in pushing a conservative vision of a woman's place. That push has often prompted backlash from feminist groups, as in the case of the hilarious feminist meme that circulated in response to an article about the "demure" now-First Lady of Brazil.
Politically, women have lost ground over the past few years in Brazil. The country's first female president was impeached in September. Her successor, the current president Michel Temer, filled his cabinet with white men, drawing sharp criticism from women's rights advocates. Of Brazil’s 513 congressional representatives, only 53 are women, placing Brazil at #115 in a global ranking of female political representation. A series of high-profile violent crimes against women have drawn even more attention to the current status of women in Brazil.
Wednesday's report offers optimism to Brazilian women's rights monitors, but that optimism should be tempered. Across the countries compared, the study found that, compared to men, women tend to have a lower scholarly output on average. (That is, on average, women publish fewer papers per researcher than men.)
And although on average women and men tend to have similar citation and download impacts, in Brazil, women's articles are still cited less frequently than their male counterparts' articles. This disparity seems to also be true of the other Latin countries – Portugal, Chile, and Mexico – included in the study.
Despite Brazilian women's successes in publishing scientific articles, as in other countries, unequal pay remains a persistent issue in Brazil. In 2013, the World Bank found that in Brazil, a woman's hour of work is still worth a fourth less than that of a man. Tamara Naiz, president of Brazil's National Association of Post-Graduates, commented to the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo, "The result of this study shows that, even coming from unequal conditions, a woman can develop research that is just as good as that of a man."
Naiz added, "If we are scientists just as capable as men, then why is this not reflected in equal pay and equal opportunities?"
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